![]() In recent years, active Brownian motion has attracted great interest in biology, physics, sociology, material science, and epidemiology. To drive the pump, as for driving any machine, a consumable free energy or free enthalpy is required, which the pump can take from external or internal sources 1, 2. The entropy of the system can decrease if the system exports entropy so that the export per unit of time exceeds the corresponding production of entropy in the system. Here, entropy is a key physical quantity when describing self-organization it serves as a measure of disorder so that a decrease in entropy in the system leads to self-organization. These transitions can occur only in nonlinear systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium 4, 6. The fundamental problem here is the thermodynamics of prebiological evolution, when a prebiological system can evolve through a whole sequence of transitions leading to a hierarchy of increasingly complex and organized states. The basic feature of such systems is spontaneous evolution, which is the development of more complex forms due to a sequence of self-organization processes 1, 2, 4, 5. ![]() Note that living systems are distinguished among dissipative structures 1, 2, 3, 4. Along with dissipative self-organization, there are other types, such as conservative self-organization (formation of crystal structures, biopolymers, etc.) and dispersive self-organization (formation of soliton structures) 1, 2. Self-organization is considered as an elementary process of evolution consisting of an unlimited sequence of self-organization processes and leading to the formation of more complex structures of the entire system. The dissipative structures are capable of self-organization and evolution while increasing the flow of entropy into the environment 1, 2, 3, 4. The structures are called dissipative, provided that the scattering of energy coming from outside provides a stationary ordered structure with an entropy less than the equilibrium one. The observation of processes in nature and social phenomena shows that many complex structures, consisting of a large number of interacting subsystems, under certain conditions have the ability to self-organize and evolve. We observed the grain structures in a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium and their evolution to more complex organized structures with lower entropy due to the quantum mechanism of exceedingly high entropy loss in superfluid helium. The intensity of Brownian motion associated with quantum vortices increased by 6–7 orders of magnitude compared to the values from the Einstein formula. The active Brownian motion of grains was induced by quantum turbulence during the absorption of laser irradiation by grains. We provide experimental evidence for the active Brownian motion and evolution of structures driven by quantum effects for micron-sized grains levitating in superfluid helium. One of the fundamental problems here is the role of quantum phenomena in the evolution of macroscopic objects. Complex structures, consisting of a large number of interacting subsystems, have the ability to self-organize and evolve, when the scattering of energy coming from the outside ensures the maintenance of stationary ordered structures with an entropy less than the equilibrium entropy.
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